Carlos calvo Palais de la Paix Peace Palace Den Haag The Hague La Haye

Carlos Calvo (February 26, 1824,

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

– May 2, 1906,

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

) was an

Argentine Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, s ...

publicist and historian, who devoted himself to the study of the law. In 1860 he was sent by the

Paraguay Paraguay (; ), officially the Republic of Paraguay ( es, República del Paraguay, links=no; gn, Tavakuairetã Paraguái, links=si), is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to th ...

an government on a special mission to

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

and

. Remaining in France, he published in 1863 his ''Derecho internacional teórico y práctico de Europa y America'', in two volumes, and at the same time brought out a French version. The book contained the essence of what has come to be known as the

Calvo Doctrine The Calvo Doctrine is a foreign policy doctrine which holds that jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. The Calvo Doctrine stood in contrast to historical rules governing foreign ...

in international law is named after him. The doctrine holds that jurisdiction in international investment disputes lies with the country in which the investment is located. The book immediately took rank as one of the highest modern authorities on the subject, and by 1887 the first French edition had become enlarged to six volumes. In 1869, Calvo published an article arguing that states undergoing civil war were not responsible for harm caused to aliens as a result of riot or civil war. According to Kathryn Greenman, Calvo's article influenced later international legal debates about state responsibility for rebel actions. Between 1862 and 1869 he published in Spanish and French his great collection in fifteen volumes of the

treaties A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal perso ...

and other diplomatic acts of the

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

n republics, and between 1864 and 1875 his ''Annales historiques de la révolution de l'Amérique latine'', in five volumes. In 1884 he was one of the founders at the

Ghent Ghent ( nl, Gent ; french: Gand ; traditional English: Gaunt) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the East Flanders province, and the third largest in the country, exceeded in ...

congress of the

Institut de Droit International The Institute of International Law ( French: Institut de Droit International) is an organization devoted to the study and development of international law, whose membership comprises the world's leading public international lawyers. The organizat ...

. In the following year he was Argentine minister at

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

, and published his ''Dictionnaire du droit international publique et privat'' in that city.

References

Sources

* * "Carlos Calvo". ''

American Journal of International Law ''The American Journal of International Law'' is an English-language scholarly journal focusing on international law and international relations. It is published quarterly since 1907 by the American Society of International Law (ASIL). The ''Jo ...

'' 1(1):137-38 (1907)

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Calvo, Carlos 19th-century Argentine historians Argentine male writers 1824 births 1906 deaths Writers from Buenos Aires Argentine legal professionals International law scholars Ambassadors of Argentina to the Holy See Members of the Institut de Droit International Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery Argentine people of Galician descent Male non-fiction writers